RESUMO O elevado consumo de produtos industrializados e o seu rápido descarte produzem grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos, dos quais, os principais constituintes são os materiais poliméricos. Dentre estes, as borrachas de butadieno estireno merecem destaque. Esse material é usado em diversos setores, entre eles, o alimentício, para produção de chicles. A reciclagem desses materiais deve ser sempre pesquisada, buscando, principalmente, novas aplicações. Assim, este trabalho usou a borracha residual (BP) como matriz para cristais de quartzo. Os materiais preparados foram estudados por diversas técnicas, como, por exemplo, a Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) e a Espectroscopia no Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Além disso, os materiais tiveram suas propriedades elétricas medidas. Foram feitas medidas de capacitância, campo elétrico, resistividade e densidade de corrente. Entre os materiais testados, o compósito carregado com 44,4% de quartzo apresentou a resposta mais linear e mais intensa de variação de carga elétrica em função da pressão aplicada. Portanto, os resultados mostraram que foram obtidos materiais com potencial aplicação no campo de sensores capacitivos de pressão.

ABSTRACT The high consumption of industrialized products and their disposal produce large quantities of solid waste, of which the principal constituents are polymeric materials. Among these, the butadiene-styrene rubbers deserve special mention. This material is used in various industries, including food, for the production of chewing gum. Thus, the recycling of these materials must always be researched, mainly seeking new applications. Therefore, this work used residual rubber (BP) as a matrix for quartz crystals. The materials prepared were studied by several techniques, such as Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Besides, the materials also had their electrical properties measured. Capacitance, electric field, resistivity and current density measurements were performed. Among the tested materials, the composite loaded with 44.4% of quartz presented the most linear and intense response of electric charge variation as a function of the applied pressure. Therefore, the obtained results allow proving that were accomplished materials with the potential of application in the field of capacitive pressure sensors.

Abstract After the consolidation of the Brazilian biodiesel industry, issues related to the final destination of the glycerin, the by-product from the biodiesel industrial process, drawing the attention of several researchers. There are several uses to this byproduct. Among them, the obtaining of polymers, such as polyurethane (PU), are very encouraged since the glycerin ca be used, as well as the castor oil, in the replacement of petrochemical polyols. The aim of this work was to propose a new route for the obtainment of a petroleum sorbent based on polyurethane resin from glycerin and castor oil, through the emulsion technique. In addition, maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) was mixed to the polymer matrix, producing a magnetic composite, able to make easier the oil cleanup process. The products synthesized were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, simultaneous Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Optical microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, magnetic force and oil removal capability tests were also performed. The magnetic material was used to remove oil from water, exhibited a good oil removal capability. In a typical test, 1g of the composite containing 5wt% of maghemite was able to remove 10g of oil from water.

O estudo de sistemas envolvendo nanopartículas de óxido de ferro e polianilina vem ganhando importância nos últimos anos. Entre esses trabalhos, ainda há um pequeno número de pesquisas que abordam o efeito da sonicação sobre o preparo desses híbridos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da sonicação sobre as propriedades de nanopartículas de maghemita revestidas com polianilina, via planejamento fatorial. Os materiais obtidos foram estudados por espectroscopia no infravermelho, difração de raios X e por análise termogravimétrica. As amostras também tiveram a resistividade elétrica e a força magnética investigadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o aumento da potência de sonicação é capaz de produzir um considerável aumento da extensão do grau de dopagem, associado com a diminuição da resistividade das amostras. Por outro lado, a mesma potência de sonicação produziu a destruição de grande parte da maghemita presente, levando a menores forças magnéticas.

The study of systems constituted by iron oxide nanoparticles and polyaniline has increased in the last years. However, few studies are related to the sonication effect on the preparation of these hybrid materials. In this work the effect of sonication on the properties of maghemite/polyaniline hybrids was studied using experimental design techniques. The materials obtained were studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Samples were also characterized by measuring the electric resistivity and by magnetic force tests. Obtained results show that the increase of the sonication power produces the increase of the doping process and the decrease of the electrical resistivity. The same sonication power produced the destruction of a large amount of the maghemite, leading to lower magnetic forces.